Dentistry and oral surgery are complex procedures involving true teamwork.
Our work colleagues bring to this dental clinic and oral surgery a full range of dental provision with appropriate training and practise
at their disposal.
Our dentists, oral surgeons and our consultants working within these fields
can provide full provision of appropriate expert care.
Nowadays, dentistry is no longer a uniform specialty, because many still
newer and different kinds of treatment methods require that we each
undergo individual training.
A stress-free environment
Our colleagues care about the fact that our working environment should be
one free of fear, whether or not this means adult patient or children or
meaning those requiring oral surgery, or desiring implant work.
Fear-free dental care is in the interests of both the patient and the
dentist treating him or her, as a high standard of patient care can only
be carried out with a relaxed patient.
High-tech equipment
Our KaVo dental treatment units,
Owandy have digital diagnostic x-ray system, cutting-edge equipment,
tools and materials at their disposal.
The dental and oral surgery materials made
use of here
have been specially picked out from vanguard-development factories.
Regular check-ups
We recommend regular check-ups for all our patients.
Regular dental
check-ups ensure that dental care can continually be maintained.
It is not enough to just occasionally get our teeth looked at, but rather
to undergo constant care and repair in order to keep our teeth in good
condition. Professional mouth hygiene treatment alongside care of the teeth at home is very important.
Guarantees for treatment carried out.
All treatment undertaken at our Clinic is guaranteed.
The condition of the guarantee is that after completion of any treatment,
minimally some mouth hygiene care is taken advantage of here every year and in addition to this, keeps
appointments for prescribed dental check-ups, and follows the dental
hygiene programmes recommended by the dentist treating them.
Appropriate home dental care is of not insignificant importance.
Our colleagues take part in regular refresher training courses.
In the course of university training, updating of acquired knowledge is
required through continual refresher training courses. Information about
newer and newer procedures, materials used and techniques are desired, so
that our colleagues are constantly updating and deepening their
professional knowledge. In these interests, every single piece of
knowledge within this field is shared between us, so that in each given
area, we might acquire skills to an even higher standard.
The tooth
Parts of tooth
Dental decay (caries)
The tooth
Teeth are small whitish structures found in the jaws (or mouths) of many vertebrates that are used to tear, scrape, milk and chew food.
The bottom teeth are used more for the grinding of food and the top front teeth are mainly used for biting. |
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among teeth, does not. Dental anatomy is also a taxonomical science as it is concerned with the naming of teeth and their structures. This information serves a practical purpose for dentists, enabling them to easily identify teeth and structures during treatment.
The anatomic crown of a tooth is the area covered in enamel above the cementoenamel junction. The majority of the crown is composed of dentin with the pulp chamber in the center. The crown is within bone before eruption. After eruption, it is almost always visible. The anatomic root is found below the cementoenamel junction and is covered with cementum. As with the crown, dentin composes most of the root, which normally have pulp canals. A tooth may have multiple roots or just one root. Canines and most premolars, except for maxillary (upper) first premolars, usually have one root. Maxillary first premolars and mandibular molars usually have two roots. Maxillary molars usually have three roots. Additional roots are referred to as supernumerary roots.
Humans usually have 20 primary teeth (also called deciduous, baby, or milk teeth) and 32 permanent teeth. Among primary teeth, 10 are found in the (upper) maxilla and the other 10 in the (lower) mandible. Teeth are classified as incisors, canines, and molars. In the primary set of teeth, there are two types of incisors, centrals and laterals, and two types of molars, first and second. All primary teeth are replaced with permanent counterparts except for molars, which are replaced by permanent premolars. Among permanent teeth, 16 are found in the maxilla with the other 16 in the mandible. The maxillary teeth are the maxillary central incisor, maxillary lateral incisor, maxillary canine, maxillary first premolar, maxillary second premolar, maxillary first molar, maxillary second molar, and maxillary third molar. The mandibular teeth are the mandibular central incisor, mandibular lateral incisor, mandibular canine, mandibular first premolar, mandibular second premolar, mandibular first molar, mandibular second molar, and mandibular third molar. Third molars are commonly called "wisdom teeth" and may never erupt into the mouth or form at all. If any additional teeth form, for example, fourth and fifth molars, which are rare, they are referred to as supernumerary teeth.
Parts of tooth
Enamel
Enamel is the hardest and most highly mineralized substance of the body and is one of the four major tissues which make up the tooth, along with dentin, cementum, and dental pulp. It is normally visible and must be supported by underlying dentin. Ninety-six percent of enamel consists of mineral, with water and organic material composing the rest. The normal color of enamel varies from light yellow to grayish white. At the edges of teeth where there is no dentin underlying the enamel, the color sometimes has a slightly blue tone. Since enamel is semitranslucent, the color of dentin and any restorative dental material underneath the enamel strongly affects the appearance of a tooth. Enamel varies in thickness over the surface of the tooth and is often thickest at the cusp, up to 2.5 mm, and thinnest at its border, which is seen clinically as the cementoenamel junction.
Dentin
Dentin is the substance between enamel or cementum and the pulp chamber. It is secreted by the odontoblasts of the dental pulp. The formation of dentin is known as dentinogenesis. The porous, yellow-hued material is made up of 70% inorganic materials, 20% organic materials, and 10% water by weight. Because it is softer than enamel, it decays more rapidly and is subject to severe cavities if not properly treated, but dentin still acts as a protective layer and supports the crown of the tooth.
Dentin is a mineralized connective tissue with an organic matrix of collagenous proteins. Dentin has microscopic channels, called dentinal tubules, which radiate outward through the dentin from the pulp cavity to the exterior cementum or enamel border.
Cementum
Cementum is a specialized bony substance covering the root of a tooth. It is approximately 45% inorganic material (mainly hydroxyapatite), 33% organic material (mainly collagen) and 22% water. Cementum is excreted by cementoblasts within the root of the tooth and is thickest at the root apex. Its coloration is yellowish and it is softer than either dentin or enamel. The principal role of cementum is to serve as a medium by which the periodontal ligaments can attach to the tooth for stability.
At the cementoenamel junction, the cementum is acellular due to its lack of cellular components, and this acellular type covers at least ? of the root. The more permeable form of cementum, cellular cementum, covers about ? of the root apex.
Pulp
The dental pulp is the central part of the tooth filled with soft connective tissue.
This tissue contains blood vessels and nerves that enter the tooth from a hole at the apex of the root. Along the border between the dentin and the pulp are odontoblasts, which initiate the formation of dentin. Other cells in the pulp include fibroblasts, preodontoblasts, macrophages and T lymphocytes.
The pulp is commonly called "the nerve" of the tooth.
Dental decay (caries)
| A disease in which the mineralized tissues of the tooth undergo progressive destruction from the surface of the tooth. It is caused by bacteria that colonize the tooth surface and, under certain conditions, produce sufficient acids to demineralize the enamel covering of the tooth crown or the cementum covering the root, and then the underlying dentin. As the destruction of the dentin progresses, along with breakdown of the organic components, the bacteria invade the dead tissue and enter the pulp chamber. The pulpal tissue becomes infected and the typical toothache may ensue. The infection can ultimately destroy the pulpal tissue and extend through the apical openings of the roots and into the surrounding peri-odontal tissues. |
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The sites of caries development have been correlated with the presence of dental plaque containing one of a number of mutans streptococci-notably in humans. Streptococcus mutans and S. sobrinus. These microorganisms are cariogenic because of their ability to generate a considerable amount of acid as a result of their metabolism of carbohydrates, and to survive in an acid environment. The acid environment is only slowly neutralized since its dilution is hindered by the fact that the acid is within the dental plaque and thereby shielded from the saliva. Each time a carbohydrate-rich substance is ingested, acid is formed. Therefore, the frequency of ingestion and physical consistency of fermentable carbohydrates are important factors in caries formation.
Dental caries can be prevented by making the tooth less susceptible to acid attack, removing cariogenic bacteria from the teeth, and limiting ingestion of cariogenic substrate.
The most effective and least expensive means of rendering the tooth less susceptible to the caries attack is through fluoridation, either by systemic means such as water fluoridation, or by topical application of fluoride to the tooth surfaces. Water fluoridation (approximately 1 part per million) by itself reduces the incidence of caries by 50-60%. Topical fluoridation can be instituted by many means, ranging from professional applications in the dental office to self-applied fluoride in the form of toothpastes, mouth rinses, and gels. The mode of action of fluoridation is not fully understood, but the benefit to the tooth structure is probably a result of a number of actions. It is believed that fluoride, when incorporated into the mineral phase of enamel and the other hard tissues, results in a better crystalline structure that is less susceptible to acid dissolution. Alternatively, the anticaries effect of fluoride may be due to its ability to inhibit demineralization and promote remineralization. Other means of improving the tooth's resistance to dental caries include the application of plastic pit and fissure sealants which eliminate retentive areas on the biting surfaces of the posterior teeth that are more susceptible to carious lesions.
Prevention of dental decay and oral hygiene: click here!
